Neuroimaging the pain network – Implications for treatment

In this chapter, we provide an overview of neuroimaging studies in chronic pain. We start with an introduction about the phenomenology of pain. In the following section, the application of functional and structural imaging techniques is shown in selected chronic pain syndromes (chronic back pain, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), phantom limb pain, and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)), and commonalities and peculiarities of imaging correlates across different types of chronic pain are discussed. We conclude this chapter with implications for treatments, with focus on behavioral interventions, sensory and motor trainings, and mirror and motor imagery trainings.     

Is stenting for atherosclerotic renal stenosis an effective technique?

IntroductionOne of the treatments for renal artery stenosis is endovascular intervention, but its effectiveness is controversial. The present study aims to analyze the experience of a working group in the endovascular treatment of selected patients with severe obstructive atherosclerotic lesions of the renal arteries, and to characterize early and late results.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of symptomatic patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis who underwent endoluminal therapy between May 12, 1999 and March 12, 2015 at two institutions. Statistical analysis was performed using the PASW Statistics program.ResultsA total of 99 patients were treated, mean age 66 years and 76.8% male. The mean degree of stenosis measured by renal Doppler echocardiography was 83% and 64.6% were ostial lesions. Mean preoperative creatinine level was higher than the postoperative mean: 1.3 vs. 1.2 mg/dl (p=0.014). The number of antihypertensive drugs in the preoperative period was higher than in the postoperative period: 2.0 vs. 1.3 (p=0.001). The mean follow-up was 40 months (0-164). The mean peak systolic velocity over time in the postoperative period was 77 cm/s (40-250). The restenosis rate was 8%, and 30-day mortality was 0%.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that the endovascular technique has a beneficial effect on blood pressure and renal function in selected patients, and is a safe technique associated with a high rate of technical success and few complications.     

疏血通对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压患者血清D-二聚体与呼吸功能的影响

【摘要】 目的 观察疏血通注射液对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并肺动脉高压患者血清D 二聚体（D D）的影响及呼吸功能改善作用。方法 将我院收治的80例COPD合并肺动脉高压患者随机分为观察组与对照组各40例，均给予吸氧、支气管舒张剂、糖皮质激素、抗生素、营养支持等常规治疗，观察组在此基础上给予疏血通注射液，两组均治疗21d。比较两组凝血功能，检测血气指标、肺动脉压、肺功能指标，评估呼吸系统评分，统计治疗过程中的不良反应。结果 观察组治疗21d后凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）显著高于对照组（P＜005），纤维蛋白原（FIB）、D D显著低于对照组（P＜005）。观察组治疗21d后动脉血氧分压（Pa02）、用力呼气1s率（FEV1/FVC）分别为（7124±1284）mmHg、（5784±1043）%显著高于对照组的（6536±1177）mmHg、（5241±945）%（P＜005），动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaC02）、肺动脉收缩压分别为（4541±819）mmHg、（4016±720）mmHg显著低于对照组的（5002±901）mmHg、（4473±806）mmHg（P＜005）。结论 疏血通可以改善COPD合并肺动脉高压患者血液高凝状态，增加血氧含量，降低肺动脉高压，改善呼吸功能。     

Acute penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the ascending aorta

A 67‐year‐old man presented with chest pain. Clinical examination revealed hypertension (160/90 mm Hg). Electrocardiogram indicated no acute coronary syndrome and cardiac enzymes were normal. Catheterization was performed owing to the patient’s continuing chest pain and ascending aortogram revealed irregular aortic wall. A computed tomography image showed the shape of penetrating ulcer. The patient was taken to the operating room and intraoperative examination confirmed the diagnosis of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU). Coronary artery bypass graft and bovine pericardial patch repair of PAU was performed. A bovine pericardial patch was done as aortic root was heavily calcified and was easy to handle and more hemostatic.     

从脾论治慢性肾脏病的生物学基础探讨

脾为后天之源,肾为先天之本,以后天滋先天,使从脾论治成为中医临床治疗慢性肾脏病(CKD)的经典方法。现代医学研究发现人体内最庞大的“器官”——肠道菌群与“脾”的功能非常密切。目前研究发现肠道菌群紊乱是加速CKD进展的重要环节,基于脾肾互根互用的中医原理,收集、整理肠道菌群与CKD代谢功能、免疫应答及肾脏损伤关联的文献,从肠道菌群与机体功能代谢和内环境稳态的角度进行探讨,认识到运用中医药可通过干预肠道菌群的丰度、结构和代谢功能,维持肠道微生态的平衡,从而达到调节肾脏代谢和免疫应答的作用,提出肠道菌群是从脾论治慢性肾脏病的重要生物学基础。     

复方丁香开胃帖减轻胃癌术后腹胀的临床观察与护理

目的观察使用复方丁香开胃贴对胃癌术后患者减轻腹胀的临床效果及护理。方法将101例胃癌术后且均为胃大部分切除术的患者,将其随机分为对照组50例,治疗组51例,2组患者均被告知和协助术后第一天离床活动,治疗组的患者使用复方丁香开胃贴外贴于患者的脐部即神阙穴,密切观察患者的腹胀情况,比较2组患者术后腹胀的程度及肛门排气情况和住院时间。结果治疗组病例术后腹胀程度、肛门排气情况与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胃癌术后的患者使用复方丁香开胃贴可以有效的减轻腹胀,缩短肛门排气时间,减少住院时间,使患者早日康复出院。     

辛开苦降法治疗慢性肾小球肾炎初探

辛开苦降法为中医临床常用治法。本文通过探析辛开苦降法的源流和内涵,总结辛开苦降法在慢性肾小球肾炎治疗中的临床应用。辛开苦降法以苦辛之药配伍应用,具有燮理阴阳、平调寒热、调运气机、清利湿热、清化瘀热之功。慢性肾小球肾炎以本虚标实、虚实夹杂为病机特点,以机体阴阳失衡、肺脾肾三脏亏虚为本,以气机不调与湿热、瘀血阻滞为标。辛开苦降法可调补肺脾肾三脏之虚平燮阴阳,又可调运气机以清湿热、化瘀热,颇合慢性肾小球肾炎的病机特点。辛开苦降法在慢性肾脏病中的应用,为慢性肾小球肾炎的临床治疗提供了新的思路与方法,最后附典型病案1则加以说明。     

内镜活检胃癌组织中MUC3A,MUC13表达及与病理参数和预后的关系

目的:探讨内镜活检胃癌组织中黏蛋白3A(MUC3A)、黏蛋白13(MUC13)表达及与病理参数和预后的关系。方法:选取2013年1月至2014年12月南阳市中心医院肿瘤科收治的接受内镜活检的116例患者胃癌组织和癌旁正常组织进行分析,采用免疫组织化学法检测所有组织样本中MUC3A,MUC13表达,观察二者表达情况,并分析二者与临床病理参数及预后的关系。结果:胃癌患者组织MUC3A,MUC13阳性率分别为68.97%和66.38%,高于正常组织的32.76%和7.76%(P<0.05);胃癌组织中MUC3A,MUC13表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小无关(P>0.05),与组织分化、浸润深度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05);随访5年结果显示:胃癌组织中MUC3A阳性患者中位生存时间为(40.50±1.95)个月,低于阴性患者的(48.67±2.51)个月(P<0.05),MUC3A阳性患者预后5年生存率为32.50%,低于阴性患者的55.56%(P<0.05);MUC13阳性患者中位生存时间为(38.52±1.92)个月,低于阴性患者的(49.06±2.71)个月(P<0.05),MUC13阳性患者预后5年生存率为30.00%,低于阴性患者的61.11%(P<0.05);COX多因素回归分析显示:TNM分期,淋巴结转移,MUC3A,MUC13是影响胃癌预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:MUC3A,MUC13在胃癌组织中呈高表达,且与临床病理参数及预后密切相关,二者均有望作为判定胃癌发生发展及预后评估的参考指标。